Compare New Zealand (2004) - Macau (2006)

Compare New Zealand (2004) z Macau (2006)

	New Zealand (2004)	Macau (2006)

Administrative divisions	13 regions; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Gisborne-Hawke's Bay, Manawatu-Wanganui, Nelson-Marlborough, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Waikato, Wellington, West Coast	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	0-14 years: 21.7% (male 443,211; female 422,507) 15-64 years: 66.7% (male 1,337,383; female 1,325,683) 65 years and over: 11.6% (male 203,084; female 261,949) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 16.2% (male 37,934/female 35,412) 15-64 years: 75.9% (male 163,975/female 179,830) 65 years and over: 7.9% (male 15,099/female 20,875) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, dairy products; fish	only 2% of land area is cultivated, mainly by vegetable growers; fishing, mostly for crustaceans, is important; some of the catch is exported to Hong Kong
Airports	113 (2003 est.)	1 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 46 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 70 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 29 under 914 m: 39 (2004 est.)	-
Area	total: 268,680 sq km land: NA sq km water: NA sq km note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands	total: 28.2 sq km land: 28.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about the size of Colorado	less than one-sixth the size of Washington, DC
Background	The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800. In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. In that same year, the British began the first organized colonial settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances.	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Birth rate	14.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	8.48 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $32.14 billion expenditures: $30.13 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003)	revenues: $3.16 billion expenditures: $3.16 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (FY05/06)
Capital	Wellington	-
Climate	temperate with sharp regional contrasts	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline	15,134 km	41 km
Constitution	consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and The Constitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: New Zealand abbreviation: NZ	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency	New Zealand dollar (NZD)	-
Death rate	7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	4.47 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$37.46 billion (2003 est.)	$3.1 billion (2004)
Dependency status	-	special administrative region of China
Dependent areas	Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Charles J. SWINDELLS embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, APO AP 96531-1034 telephone: [64] (4) 462-6000 FAX: [64] (4) 499-0490 consulate(s) general: Auckland	the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador L. John WOOD chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800 FAX: [1] (202) 667-5227 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)	none
Economic aid - donor	ODA, $99.7 million	-
Economic aid - recipient	-	$NA
Economy - overview	Over the past 20 years the government has transformed New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. Per capita income has been rising and is now 80% of the level of the four largest EU economies. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth, and it has been affected by the global economic slowdown and the slump in commodity prices. Thus far the economy has been resilient, and growth should continue at the same level in 2004. Expenditures on health, education, and pensions will increase proportionately.	Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. Apparel exports and tourism are mainstays of the economy. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 10.1% in 2002, 14.2% in 2003, and 28.6% in 2004. During the first three quarters of 2005, Macau registered year-on-year GDP increases of 6.2%. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of travel restrictions, increased public works expenditures, and significant investment inflows associated with the liberalization of Macau's gaming industry drove the four-year recovery. The budget also returned to surplus since 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory, which will boost GDP growth. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. Two new casinos were opened by new foreign gambling licensees in 2004; development of new infrastructure and facilities in preparation for Macau's hosting of the 2005 East Asian Games led the construction sector. The Closer Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between Macau and mainland China that came into effect on 1 January 2004 offers many Macau-made products tariff-free access to the mainland, and the range of products covered by CEPA was expanded on 1 January 2005.
Electricity - consumption	34.88 billion kWh (2001)	1.899 billion kWh (2004)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2004)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	153.3 million kWh (2004)
Electricity - production	37.51 billion kWh (2001)	1.893 billion kWh (2004)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Aoraki-Mount Cook 3,754 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Marine Life Conservation	-
Ethnic groups	New Zealand European 74.5%, Maori 9.7%, other European 4.6%, Pacific Islander 3.8%, Asian and others 7.4%	Chinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry) 1%, other 3.3% (2001 census)
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.1622 (2002), 2.3788 (2001), 2.2012 (2000), 1.8896 (1999)	patacas per US dollar - 8.011 (2005), 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003), 8.033 (2002), 8.034 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Michael CULLEN (since NA July 2002) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of one government secretary, three legislators, four businessmen, one pro-Beijing unionist, and one pro-Beijing educator elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member Election Committee for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 29 August 2004 (next to be held in 2009) election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected received 296 votes; three members submitted blank ballots; one member was absent
Exports	30,220 bbl/day (2001)	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery	clothing, textiles, footwear, toys, electronics, machinery and parts
Exports - partners	Australia 21.8%, US 14.6%, Japan 11%, China 4.9%, UK 4.8% (2003)	US 48.7%, China 14.9%, Hong Kong 9.8%, Germany 5.9% (2005)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	calendar year
Flag description	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP	purchasing power parity - $85.34 billion (2003 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 4.8% industry: 27.4% services: 67.8% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 0.1% industry: 7.2% services: 92.7% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $21,600 (2003 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	3.5% (2003 est.)	2.8% (3rd Quarter 2005)
Geographic coordinates	41 00 S, 174 00 E	22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note	about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world	essentially urban; an area of land reclaimed from the sea measuring 5.2 sq km and known as Cotai now connects the islands of Coloane and Taipa; the island area is connected to the mainland peninsula by three bridges
Highways	total: 92,053 km paved: 57,809 km (including at least 190 km of expressways) unpaved: 34,244 km (2000)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 0.3% highest 10%: 29.8% (1991 est.)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	119,700 bbl/day (2001)	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics	raw materials and semi-manufactured goods, consumer goods (foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco), capital goods, mineral fuels and oils
Imports - partners	Australia 22.2%, US 11.8%, Japan 11.8%, China 9%, Germany 5.3% (2003)	China 43.1%, Japan 10.9%, Hong Kong 10%, Singapore 5.2%, US 4.1%, Taiwan 4% (2005)
Independence	26 September 1907 (from UK)	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	1.3% (2003 est.)	NA%
Industries	food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate	total: 5.96 deaths/1,000 live births male: 6.83 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	total: 4.35 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.54 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.8% (2003 est.)	3.8% (2nd quarter, 2005)
International organization participation	ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, C, CP, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO	IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO
Irrigated land	2,850 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	High Court; Court of Appeal	Court of Final Appeal in Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force	2.008 million (2003 est.)	251,200 (3rd Quarter, 2005)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 10%, industry 25%, services 65% (1995)	manufacturing 13.7%, construction 10.5%, transport and communications 5.9%, wholesale and retail trade 14.6%, restaurants and hotels 10.3%, gambling 17.9%, public sector 7.8%, other services and agriculture 19.3% (2005 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 0.34 km regional border: China 0.34 km
Land use	arable land: 5.6% permanent crops: 6.99% other: 87.41% (2001)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	English (official), Maori (official)	Cantonese 87.9%, Hokkien 4.4%, Mandarin 1.6%, other Chinese dialects 3.1%, other 3% (2001 census)
Legal system	based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for the Maori; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch	unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; 69 members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies including 7 Maori constituencies, and 51 proportional seats chosen from party lists, all to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 27 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NZLP 52, NP 27, NZFP 13, ACT New Zealand 9, Green Party 9, UF 8, other 2	unicameral Legislative Assembly (29 seats; 12 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 25 September 2005 (next in September 2009) election results: percent of vote - Development Union 12.8%, Macau Development Alliance 9%, Macau United Citizens' Association 16%, New Democratic Macau Association 18.2%, others NA; seats by political group - Development Union 2, Macau Development Alliance 1, Macau United Citizens' Association 2, New Democratic Macau Association 2, New Hope 1, United Forces 2, others 2; 10 seats filled by professional and business groups; seven members appointed by chief executive
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 78.49 years male: 75.5 years female: 81.61 years (2004 est.)	total population: 82.19 years male: 79.36 years female: 85.17 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1980 est.) male: NA female: NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 94.5% male: 97.2% female: 92% (2003 est.)
Location	Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Oceania	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin	not specified
Merchant marine	total: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 77,523 GRT/108,352 DWT by type: bulk 3, cargo 2, container 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 2 foreign-owned: Australia 1, Isle of Man 1 registered in other countries: 8 (2004 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsiblity of China
Military branches	New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force	no regular military forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$1.147 billion (FY03/04)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1% (FY02)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,033,464 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 868,984 (2004 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 27,157 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	noun: New Zealander(s) adjective: New Zealand	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards	earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity	typhoons
Natural resources	natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone	NEGL
Net migration rate	4.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	4.56 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines	gas 2,213 km; liquid petroleum gas 79 km; oil 160 km; refined products 304 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	ACT New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; Progressive Coalition [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]	Civil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	3,993,817 (July 2004 est.)	453,125 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA%
Population growth rate	1.05% (2004 est.)	0.86% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors	Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998)	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	total: 3,898 km narrow gauge: 3,898 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2003)	-
Religions	Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986)	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems domestic: NA international: country code - 64; submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	1.765 million (2002)	174,400 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	2.599 million (2003)	532,800 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997)	1 (2006)
Terrain	predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains	generally flat
Total fertility rate	1.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)	1.02 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	4.7% (2003 est.)	4.1% (3rd Quarter 2005)

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